Geography

Syllabus For Geography

Paper - I
Principles Of Geography

Physical Geography:

1. Geomorphology:

Factors controlling landform development; endogenetic and exogenetic forces; Origin and evolution of the earth’s crust; Fundamentals of geomagnetism; Physical conditions of the earth’s interior; Geosynclines; Continental drift; Isostasy; Plate tectonics; Recent views on mountain building; Vulcanicity; Earthquakes and Tsunamis; Concepts of geomorphic cycles and Landscape development ; Denudation chronology; Channel morphology; Erosion surfaces; Slope development ; Applied Geomorphology : Geohydrology, economic geology and environment.

2. Climatology:

Temperature and pressure belts of the world; Heat budget of the earth; Atmospheric circulation; atmospheric stability and instability. Planetary and local winds; Monsoons and jet streams; Air masses and fronto genesis, Temperate and tropical cyclones; Types and distribution of precipitation; Weather and Climate; Koppen’s, Thornthwaite’s and Trewartha’s classification of world climates; Hydrological cycle; Global climatic change and role and response of man in climatic changes, Applied climatology and Urban climate.

3. Oceanography:

Bottom topography of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans; Temperature and salinity of the oceans; Heat and salt budgets, Ocean deposits; Waves, currents and tides; Marine resources: biotic, mineral and energy resources; Coral reefs, coral bleaching; sealevel changes; law of the sea and marine pollution.

4. Biogeography:

Genesis of soils; Classification and distribution of soils; Soil profile; Soil erosion, Degradation and conservation; Factors influencing world distribution of plants and animals; Problems of deforestation and conservation measures; Social forestry; agro-forestry; Wild life; Major gene pool centers.

5. Environmental Geography:

Principle of ecology; Human ecological adaptations; Influence of man on ecology and environment; Global and regional ecological changes and imbalances; Ecosystem their management and conservation; Environmental degradation, management and conservation; Biodiversity and sustainable development; Environmental policy; Environmental hazards and remedial measures; Environmental education and legislation.

Human Geography:

1. Perspectives in Human Geography:

Areal differentiation; regional synthesis; Dichotomy and dualism; Environmentalism; Quantitative revolution and location analysis; radical, behavioral, human and welfare approaches; Languages, religions and secularization; Cultural regions of the world; Human development index.

2. Economic Geography:

World economic development: measurement and problems; World resources and their distribution; Energy crisis; the limits to growth; World agriculture: typology of agricultural regions; agricultural inputs and productivity; Food and nutrition problems; Food security; famine: causes, effects and remedies; World industries: locational patterns and problems; patterns of world trade.

3. Population and Settlement Geography:

Growth and distribution of world population; demographic attributes; Causes and consequences of migration; concepts of over-under-and optimum population; Population theories, world population problems and policies, Social well-being and quality of life; Population as social capital. Types and patterns of rural settlements; Environmental issues in rural settlements; Hierarchy of urban settlements; Urban morphology: Concepts of primate city and rank-size rule; Functional classification of towns; Sphere of urban influence; Rural - urban fringe; Satellite towns; Problems and remedies of urbanization; Sustainable development of cities.

4. Regional Planning:

Concept of a region; Types of regions and methods of regionalization; Growth centers and growth poles; Regional imbalances; regional development strategies; environmental issues in regional planning; Planning for sustainable development.

5. Models, Theories and Laws in Human Geography:

Systems analysis in Human geography; Malthusian, Marxian and demographic transition models; Central Place theories of Christaller and Losch;Perroux and Boudeville; Von Thunen’s model of agricultural location; Weber’s model of industrial location; Ostov’s model of stages of growth. Heartland and Rimland theories; Laws of international boundaries and frontiers.

Paper - II
Geography Of India

1. Physical Setting:

Space relationship of India with neighboring countries; Structure and relief; Drainage system and watersheds; Physiographic regions; Mechanism of Indian monsoons and rainfall patterns, Tropical cyclones and western disturbances; Floods and droughts; Climatic regions; Natural vegetation; Soil types and their distributions.

2. Resources:

Land, surface and ground water, energy, minerals, biotic and marine resources; Forest and wild life resources and their conservation; Energy crisis.

3. Agriculture:

Infrastructure: irrigation, seeds, fertilizers, power; Institutional factors: land holdings, land tenure and land reforms; Cropping pattern, agricultural productivity, agricultural intensity, crop combination, land capability; Agro and socialforestry; Green revolution and its socioeconomic and ecological implications; Significance of dry farming; Livestock resources and white revolution; aqua - culture; sericulture, apiculture and poultry; agricultural regionalisation; agro-climatic zones; agro- ecological regions.

4. Industry:

Evolution of industries; Locational factors of cotton, jute, textile, iron and steel, aluminium, fertilizer, paper, chemical and pharmaceutical, automobile, cottage and agro-based industries; Industrial houses and complexes including public sector undertakings; Industrial regionalisation; New industrial policies; Multinationals and liberalization; Special Economic Zones; Tourism including eco -tourism.

5. Transport, Communication and Trade:

Road, railway, waterway, airway and pipeline networks and their complementary roles in regional development; Growing importance of ports on national and foreign trade; Trade balance; Trade Policy; Export processing zones; Developments in communication and information technology and their impacts on economy and society; Indian space programme.

6. Cultural Setting:

Historical Perspective of Indian Society; Racial, linguistic and ethnic diversities; religious minorities; major tribes, tribal areas and their problems; cultural regions; Growth, distribution and density of population; Demographic attributes: sex-ratio, age structure, literacy rate, work-force, dependency ratio, longevity; migration (inter-regional, intra- regional and international) and associated problems; Population problems and policies; Health indicators.

7. Settlements:

Types, patterns and morphology of rural settlements; Urban developments; Morphology of Indian cities; Functional classification of Indian cities; Conurbations and metropolitan regions; urban sprawl; Slums and associated problems; town planning; Problems of urbanization and remedies.

8. Regional Development and Planning:

Experience of regional planning in India; Five Year Plans; Integrated rural development programmers; Panchayati Raj and decentralized planning; Command area development; Watershed management; Planning for backward area, desert, drought prone, hill, tribal area development; multi-level planning; Regional planning and development of island territories.

9. Political Aspects:

Geographical basis of Indian federalism; State reorganisation; Emergence of new states; Regional consciousness and inter state issues; international boundary of India and related issues; Cross border terrorism; India’s role in world affairs; Geopolitics of South Asia and Indian Ocean realm.

10. Contemporary Issues:

Ecological issues: Environmental hazards: landslides, earthquakes, Tsunamis, floods and droughts, epidemics; Issues relating to environmental pollution; Changes in patterns of land use; Principles of environmental impact assessment and environmental management; Population explosion and food security; Environmental degradation; Deforestation, desertification and soil erosion; Problems of agrarian and industrial unrest; Regional disparities in economic development; Concept of sustainable growth and development; Environmental awareness; Linkage of rivers; Globalisation and Indian economy.

Note 1:Candidates will be required to answer one compulsory map question pertinent to subjects covered by this paper.

Recommended Book List For Csat

• Physical Geography by Strahler & Strahler
• Principles of Geomorphology by W.D. Thornbury
• Physical Geography - Made Simple, Rupa Publisher
• Physical Geography in Diagrams by Bunnett
• Physical Geography by Savindra Singh
• Geomorphology by Savindra Singh
• Climatology by D.S.Lal
• General Climatology by Critchfield
• Physical Geography - Made Simple, Rupa Publisher
• Physical Geography by Strahler & Strahler
• Oceanography by Sharma & Vatal, NCERT
• Physical Geography by Savindra Singh
• Physical Geography - Made Simple, Rupa Publisher
• Physical GEography by Strahler & Strahler
• Evolution of Geographic Thought by Majid Husain
• Economic Geography by Hertshorn & Alexander
• Economic and Social Geography - Made Simple by Rupa Publisher
• Agricultural Geography by Masjid Husain
• Human Geography by Majid Husain
• Urbanization & Urban Systems in India by Ramachandran
• Economic and Social Geography - Made Simple, Rupa Publishers
• A Geography by Population by R.C. Chandna
• Regional Planning - by Chand & Puri
• Environmental Geography by Savindra Singh
• Environmental Awareness by R.C.Chandna
• Environmental Geography by Saxena
• Economic and Social Geography - Made Simple, Rupa Publisher
• Political Geography by R.D.Dixit

PAPER - II

Section A: Geography Of India

• Economic and Commercial Geography of India by Sharma & Coutinho
• Economic and Commercial Geography of India by C.B. Mamoria
• A Geography of India by Gopal Singh
• Economical Geography - NCERT books
• Agriculture Geography by Majid Husain
• Indian Economy by Dutt and Sundaram
• India Year Book, published by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting Hindu's Survey on Agriculture.
• Economical and Commercial Geography of India by C.B. Mamoria
• Economical and Commercial Geography by Sharma & Coutinho
• Indian Economy by Dutt and Sundaram
• Hindu's Survey on Industry
• Economical and Commercial Geography of India by C.B. Mamoria
• Economical and Commercial Geography of India by Sharma & Coutinho
• India Year Book published by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
• Indian Economy by Dutt and Sundaram
• Human Geography by Majid Husain
• Geography of Population by R.C.Chandna
• NCERT Books
• Human Geography by Majid Husain
• Urbanization and Urban Systems in India by Ramachandran
• Regional Planning and Development by Chand and Puri
• India Year Book
• Indian Economy by Dutt and Sundaram
• Modern Political Geography of India by B.L. Sukhwal.
• Contemporary Issues : India disasters - Report
• Environmental Awareness by R.C.Chandna
• Environmental Geography by Saxena
• MAP QUESTIONS - Any School level atlas and the maps given in the above mentioned books